Dielectric strength test: it is an important means to evaluate the ability of insulating materials of medical electrical equipment to withstand electrical stress under rated voltage. This test applies a test voltage higher than its rated working voltage for a certain period of time between live parts and non-live metal parts of the equipment, or between different circuits, so as to check whether there are weak points or defects in the insulation structure. At present, the national standard requires:
Dielectric strength
Dielectric strength
The dielectric strength of the solid electrical insulation of ME equipment should be able to withstand the test voltage. Only insulation with safety functions should be tested.
Apply the specified test voltage for 1 minute and verify compliance:
— Immediately after the moisture pretreatment, with the power supply to the ME equipment disconnected during the test;
— After the ME equipment is powered off and the required sterilization procedure has been completed;
— After the operating temperature has reached steady-state operating temperature.
Initially, apply no more than half of the specified test voltage, then gradually increase the voltage to the specified value over 10 seconds and maintain this value for 1 minute. Afterward, gradually decrease the voltage to less than half of the specified value over 10 seconds.
Test conditions are as follows:
1.* The waveform and frequency of the test voltage should ensure that the dielectric stress on the insulation is at least equal to the dielectric stress generated during normal use. If it can be demonstrated that the dielectric stress on the tested insulation will not decrease, the waveform and frequency of the test voltage may differ from the voltage in normal use.
When the voltage that the insulation withstands in normal use is not sinusoidal alternating current, a sinusoidal test voltage of 50Hz or 60Hz may be used.
Alternatively, a DC test voltage equivalent to the peak value of the AC test voltage may be used.
The test voltage should be greater than or equal to the specified value corresponding to the operating voltage applied to the insulation.
2. During testing, breakdown constitutes a failure. The applied test voltage causes the current to increase rapidly and uncontrollably, meaning the insulation cannot confine the current; this is when insulation breakdown occurs. Corona discharge or a single transient flashover is not considered insulation breakdown.
3. If it is not possible to test individual solid insulation, then most or even the entire ME equipment needs to be tested. In this case, care should be taken not to subject different types and classes of insulation to excessive stress, and the following factors should be considered:
—When the housing or part of the housing contains non-conductive surfaces, metal foil should be used. Care should be taken to place the metal foil properly to avoid flashover at the edges of the insulation lining. If possible, move the metal foil to test all parts of the surface;
—During the test, the circuits on both sides of the insulation should be connected or shorted to ensure that the components in the circuit are not subjected to stress during the test.
For example, the terminals for the mains power supply, signal input/output, and patient connection (if applicable) should be shorted during testing;
—If capacitors are connected across the insulation (such as RF filter capacitors), they can be disconnected during testing if they comply with GB/T6346.14.
According to the national standard, Merrick RK9920AY medical program-controlled withstand voltage tester is recommended. The output voltage, the rise and fall of the output voltage and the frequency of the output voltage are completely controlled by MCU, which can display the breakdown current and voltage value in real time, and has the function of software calibration, equipped with handler interface, RS232C and RS485 interfaces to support developers to develop. The instrument has the function of arc (flashover) detection, and through the external oscilloscope, the "flashover" phenomenon of the tested electrical equipment can be observed intuitively and quickly.
Grounding resistance test: it is the core index to measure the reliability of the protective grounding system for medical electrical equipment. Its purpose is to ensure that when the metal shell of the equipment is accidentally charged, the fault current can be safely led into the earth through the grounding loop, thus protecting personnel from electric shock. This test needs to use a medical grounding resistance tester, and apply a specified test current between the protective grounding terminal (or exposed conductive part) of the equipment and the grounding pin of the power plug to measure the resistance value between them.
Impedance and current carrying capacity
The requirements are as follows:
1. *The protective grounding connection should be able to reliably carry fault current without generating excessive voltage drop.
For permanently installed ME equipment, the impedance between the protective grounding terminal and any already protected grounded component should not exceed 100mΩ.
For ME equipment with appliance input sockets, the impedance between the protective grounding pin in the appliance input socket and any already protected grounded component should not exceed 100mΩ.
For ME equipment with non-removable power cords, the impedance between the protective grounding pin in the mains power plug and any already protected grounded component should not exceed 200mΩ.
Additionally, when any removable power cord provided or specified by the manufacturer is connected to ME equipment, the impedance between the protective grounding pin in its mains power plug and any already protected grounded component should not exceed 200mΩ.
In cases where neither a removable power cord is provided nor specified, a 3m long wire of appropriate cross-sectional area should be used for testing.
To verify compliance, the following test is performed: Using a current source with a frequency of 50Hz or 60Hz and an open-circuit voltage not exceeding 6V, generate 25A or 1-5 times the maximum rated current of the relevant circuit, whichever is greater (±10%). Allow the current to flow between the protective grounding terminal, the protective grounding point of the appliance input socket, the protective grounding pin of the mains power plug, and each protective grounding component for 5-10 seconds.
Alternatively, DC can be used for this test.
Measure the voltage drop between the components and determine the impedance based on the current and voltage drop.
If the product of the test current and the total impedance (i.e., the measured impedance plus the test conductor impedance and contact impedance) exceeds 6V, first perform an impedance measurement on a power supply with an open-circuit voltage not exceeding 6V.
If the measured impedance is within the permissible limits, repeat the impedance measurement using a current source with a sufficiently large open-circuit voltage capable of injecting the specified current into the total impedance, or verify that the cross-sectional area of the relevant protective grounding conductor and protective grounding connection is at least equal to the cross-sectional area of the relevant current-carrying conductor to confirm their current-carrying capacity.
According to the requirements of national standard, Merrick RK9930Y medical program-controlled grounding resistance tester is recommended. The output current of the instrument adopts hardware feedback and high-speed MCU control technology to make the output current stable and reliable. At the same time, the output current is driven by DDS+ power amplifier, which makes the output waveform pure and less distorted. The current value and resistance value can be displayed in real time during the test, and it has the function of software calibration. It is equipped with PLC interface, RS232C, RS485 and other interfaces, which can easily form a comprehensive test system with a computer or PLC.
Leakage current test: it is an important test to detect whether the current leaked through the accessible part of patients or medical staff is within the safe range under normal working or fault conditions. The purpose of this test is to simulate the possible leakage during the use of the equipment and evaluate the risk of electric shock harm caused by current to human body. During the test, according to the equipment type (such as Class I and Class II equipment) and application scenarios (such as patient application parts, housings, etc.), under different test conditions (such as normal working state and single fault state), the medical leakage current tester is used to measure the current value flowing through the specified path.
Leakage current and patient auxiliary current
General Requirements
The requirements are as follows:
1. The electrical isolation providing protection against electric shock shall have good performance so that the current flowing through it is limited to the specified values.
2. The specified values for ground isolation current, contact current, patient leakage current, and patient auxiliary current apply to any combination of the following conditions:
—At operating temperature and after moisture pretreatment;
—After any required sterilization procedure;
—Under normal conditions and under single-fault conditions;
—The ME device is energized in standby and full-operation states, and any switch on the mains power supply is in any position;
—At the highest rated power supply frequency;
—Powered at 110% of the highest rated mains power supply voltage.
*Single fault condition
The permissible values apply to the single fault condition specified in the regulations, except in the following cases:
—When used in conjunction with the protective earthing connection, the short circuit of this insulation applies only to the specified conditions.
—The only single fault condition for ground leakage current is when one power supply conductor is disconnected at any given time.
—Under the single fault condition of shorting one component of the double insulation, leakage current and patient auxiliary current measurements are not performed.
Under specific test conditions where the maximum mains power supply voltage is applied to the applied parts and the unprotected enclosure parts, a single fault condition should not be applied simultaneously.
According to the national standard, Merrick RK7505YJ medical program-controlled leakage current tester is recommended. The instrument adopts high-precision current sampling and advanced digital signal processing technology, which can accurately measure tiny leakage current, including floor leakage current, casing leakage current, patient leakage current and other types. The instrument has a variety of test modes, which can meet the test requirements of different standards and equipment, display test current, voltage and other parameters in real time, and has the functions of over-current protection, acousto-optic alarm and so on. At the same time, it is equipped with communication interfaces such as RS232C and RS485 to support the integration of automatic test system.
Post time: Sep-04-2026




