A:Lo ngumbuzo abavelisi bemveliso abaninzi abafuna ukuwubuza, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo eyona mpendulo ixhaphakileyo kukuba "kuba umgangatho wokhuseleko uyawumisela."Ukuba unokuqonda ngokunzulu imvelaphi yemimiselo yokhuseleko lombane, uya kufumana uxanduva emva kwayo.ngentsingiselo.Nangona uvavanyo lokhuseleko lombane luthatha ixesha elincinci kumgca wokuvelisa, kukuvumela ukuba unciphise umngcipheko wokuhlaziywa kwemveliso ngenxa yeengozi zombane.Ukuyilungisa okokuqala yindlela efanelekileyo yokunciphisa iindleko kunye nokugcina inkoliseko.
A: Uvavanyo lomonakalo wombane lwahlulahlulwe ikakhulu kwezi ntlobo zine zilandelayo: I-Dielectric Withstand / Uvavanyo lweHipot: Uvavanyo lokumelana nombane lusebenzisa amandla ombane aphezulu kumandla kunye neesekethe zomhlaba zemveliso kwaye zilinganisa imeko yokuqhekeka kwayo.Uvavanyo lwe-Isolation Resistance: Ukulinganisa imeko yokufakelwa kombane kwimveliso.Uvavanyo lwangoku lokuvuza: Khangela ukuba ukuvuza kwangoku kobonelelo lwamandla e-AC/DC kwitheminali ephantsi kudlula umgangatho.Umhlaba oKhuselayo: Vavanya ukuba ingaba izakhiwo zentsimbi ezifikelelekayo zisekelwe ngokufanelekileyo.
A:Kukhuseleko lwabavavanyi kubenzi okanye iilabhoratri zovavanyo, ibisenziwa eYurophu iminyaka emininzi.Ingaba ngaba abavelisi kunye nabavavanyi bezinto zombane, iimveliso zeteknoloji yolwazi, izixhobo zasendlini, izixhobo zoomatshini okanye ezinye izixhobo, kwimimiselo eyahlukeneyo yokhuseleko Kukho izahluko kwimimiselo, nokuba ngaba yi-UL, IEC, EN, ebandakanya ukumakishwa kwendawo yokuvavanya (abasebenzi). indawo, indawo yesixhobo, indawo ye-DUT), izixhobo zokumakisha (eziphawulwe ngokucacileyo "ingozi" okanye izinto eziphantsi kovavanyo) , i-grounding state ye-workbench yezixhobo kunye nezinye izibonelelo ezinxulumene nazo, kunye nokukwazi ukugquma kombane kwisixhobo ngasinye sovavanyo (IEC 61010).
A: Ukumelana novavanyo lwamandla ombane okanye uvavanyo lwamandla ombane aphezulu (uvavanyo lwe-HIPOT) yi-100% yomgangatho osetyenziswayo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye neempawu zokhuseleko zombane kwiimveliso (ezifana nezo zifunwa yi-JSI, CSA, BSI, UL, IEC, TUV, njl. Iiarhente zokhuseleko) Ikwalelona vavanyo lokhuseleko lwaziwa kakhulu kwaye lwenziwa rhoqo.Uvavanyo lwe-HIPOT luvavanyo olungonakalisi ukufumanisa ukuba izinto zokugquma umbane zixhathisa ngokwaneleyo kwi-voltage ephezulu edlulayo, kwaye luvavanyo oluphezulu lwe-voltage olusebenza kuzo zonke izixhobo zokuqinisekisa ukuba izinto zokugquma zanele.Ezinye izizathu zokwenza uvavanyo lwe-HIPOT kukuba inokubona iziphene ezinokubakho ezifana nokungonelanga komgama we-creepage kunye nokukhutshwa okubangelwa ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa.
A: Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-voltage waveform kwinkqubo yamandla yi-sine wave.Ngexesha lokusebenza kwenkqubo yamandla, ngenxa yokubetha kombane, ukusebenza, iimpazamo okanye ukulinganisa iparameter engafanelekanga yezixhobo zombane, i-voltage yezinye iindawo zenkqubo iphakama ngokukhawuleza kwaye idlule kakhulu i-voltage yayo elinganisiweyo, engaphezulu kwe-voltage.I-Overvoltage inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amabini ngokwezizathu zayo.Enye i-overvoltage ebangelwa kukubetha ngokuthe ngqo kombane okanye ukufakwa kombane, okubizwa ngokuba yi-overvoltage yangaphandle.Ubungakanani bombane wempembelelo yangoku kunye ne-voltage ye-impulse inkulu, kwaye ixesha lifutshane kakhulu, nto leyo eyonakalisa kakhulu.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba imigca ephezulu ye-3-10kV nangaphantsi kwiidolophu kunye namashishini amashishini ngokubanzi akhuselwe ziindibano zokusebenzela okanye izakhiwo ezide, amathuba okuba ubethwe ngokuthe ngqo ngumbane mancinci kakhulu, nto leyo ikhuselekile.Ngaphezu koko, oko kuxutyushwa apha zixhobo zombane zasekhaya, ezingekho ngaphakathi kwendawo ekhankanywe ngasentla, kwaye ayiyi kuxoxwa ngokuqhubekayo.Olunye uhlobo lubangelwa ukuguqulwa kwamandla okanye utshintsho lweparameter ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yamandla, njengokulungelelaniswa komgca wokungabikho komthwalo, ukunqumla i-transformer engekho-load, kunye ne-single-phase arc grounding kwinkqubo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-overvoltage yangaphakathi.I-overvoltage yangaphakathi iyona siseko esiphambili sokumisela inqanaba eliqhelekileyo lokufakelwa kwezixhobo zombane ezahlukeneyo kwinkqubo yamandla.Oko kukuthi, uyilo lwesakhiwo se-insulation yemveliso kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo kungekuphela nje umbane olinganisiweyo kodwa kunye nokugqithisa kwangaphakathi kwendawo yokusetyenziswa kwemveliso.Uvavanyo lokumelana ne-voltage kukufumanisa ukuba ulwakhiwo lwe-insulation yemveliso lunokumelana nokugqithisa kwangaphakathi kwenkqubo yamandla.
A: Ngokwesiqhelo uvavanyo lwe-AC lokumelana nombane lwamkeleka ngakumbi kwiiarhente zokhuseleko kune-DC yokumelana novavanyo lombane.Esona sizathu sikukuba uninzi lwezinto eziphantsi kovavanyo ziya kusebenza phantsi kombane we-AC, kwaye uvavanyo lwe-AC lokumelana nombane lubonelela ngenzuzo yokutshintshanisa iipolarities ezimbini ukucinezela ukugquma, okukufutshane noxinzelelo imveliso eya kudibana nayo kusetyenziso lokwenyani.Ekubeni uvavanyo lwe-AC aluhlawulisi umthwalo we-capacitive, ukufundwa kwangoku kuhlala kufana ukususela ekuqaleni kwesicelo sombane ukuya ekupheleni kovavanyo.Ke ngoko, akukho mfuneko yokunyusa amandla ombane kuba akukho miba yokuzinzisa efunekayo ukujonga ufundo lwangoku.Oku kuthetha ukuba ngaphandle kokuba imveliso ephantsi kovavanyo iva i-voltage esetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza, umqhubi unokusebenzisa ngokukhawuleza i-voltage epheleleyo kwaye afunde okwangoku ngaphandle kokulinda.Ekubeni i-voltage ye-AC ayihlawulisi umthwalo, akukho mfuneko yokukhupha isixhobo phantsi kovavanyo emva kovavanyo.
A:Xa uvavanya imithwalo ye-capacitive, iyonke yangoku iquka imisinga esebenzayo kunye nokuvuza.Xa umyinge we-reactive current mkhulu kakhulu kunokwenyani ukuvuza kwangoku, kunokuba nzima ukubona iimveliso ezinokuvuza okugqithisileyo kwangoku.Xa uvavanya imithwalo enkulu ye-capacitive, i-current total efunekayo inkulu kakhulu kunokuvuza kwangoku ngokwayo.Oku kunokuba yingozi enkulu njengoko umsebenzisi evezwe kwimisinga ephezulu
A:Xa isixhobo siphantsi kovavanyo (DUT) sigcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo, kuphela ukuvuza kokwenyani okuhambayo.Oku kwenza i-DC Hipot Tester ibonise ngokucacileyo ukuvuza kwangoku kwemveliso phantsi kovavanyo.Ngenxa yokuba umsinga wokutshaja ulixesha elifutshane, iimfuno zamandla ze-DC ukumelana ne-voltage tester zihlala zingaphantsi kakhulu kunezo ze-AC zokumelana ne-voltage tester esetyenziselwa ukuvavanya imveliso efanayo.
A: Njengoko i-DC imelana novavanyo lombane ihlawulisa i-DUT, ukuze kupheliswe umngcipheko wokothuka kombane kumntu ophethe i-DUT emva kovavanyo lokumelana nombane, i-DUT kufuneka ikhutshwe emva kovavanyo.Uvavanyo lwe-DC luhlawulisa i-capacitor.Ukuba ngenene i-DUT isebenzisa amandla e-AC, indlela ye-DC ayilinganisi eyona meko.
A: Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zovavanyo lokumelana nombane: I-AC yokumelana novavanyo lombane kunye ne-DC yokumelana novavanyo lombane.Ngenxa yeempawu zezixhobo zokugquma, iindlela zokuqhekeka kwe-AC kunye ne-DC voltages zahlukile.Uninzi lwezixhobo zokukhusela kunye neenkqubo ziqulethe uluhlu lweendaba ezahlukeneyo.Xa i-voltage yovavanyo lwe-AC isetyenziswa kuyo, i-voltage iya kusasazwa ngokulinganayo kwiiparamitha ezifana ne-dielectric constant kunye nemilinganiselo yezinto.Ngelixa amandla ombane e-DC asasaza kuphela amandla ombane ngokomlinganiselo wokuxhathisa kwesixhobo.Kwaye ngokwenene, ukuchithwa kwesakhiwo se-insulating kudla ngokubangelwa ukuchithwa kombane, ukuchithwa kwe-thermal, ukukhutshwa kunye nezinye iifom ngexesha elifanayo, kwaye kunzima ukuhlukana ngokupheleleyo.Kwaye amandla ombane e-AC anyusa amathuba okuqhekeka kwe-thermal ngaphezulu kombane we-DC.Ke ngoko, sikholelwa ukuba i-AC yokumelana novavanyo lombane ingqongqo ngakumbi kune-DC yokumelana novavanyo lombane.Kumsebenzi wokwenyani, xa usenza uvavanyo lokumelana ne-voltage, ukuba i-DC isetyenziselwa uvavanyo lokumelana ne-voltage, i-voltage yovavanyo ifuneka ukuba ibe phezulu kunomthamo wovavanyo we-AC frequency power.Umbane wovavanyo we-DC jikelele ukumelana novavanyo lombane uphindaphindwa nge-K rhoqo ngexabiso elisebenzayo lombane wovavanyo lwe-AC.Ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo ezithelekisayo, sineziphumo ezilandelayo: kwiimveliso zocingo kunye neentambo, i-K eqhubekayo yi-3;kushishino lwenqwelomoya, i-K engaguqukiyo yi-1.6 ukuya ku-1.7;I-CSA ngokubanzi isebenzisa i-1.414 kwiimveliso zoluntu.
A:Amandla ombane ovavanyo amisela uvavanyo lokumelana namandla ombane axhomekeke kwimarike eza kufakwa kuyo imveliso yakho, kwaye kufuneka uthobele imigangatho yokhuseleko okanye imimiselo eyinxalenye yemithetho yolawulo lokungenisa elizweni.Umthamo wovavanyo kunye nexesha lovavanyo lovavanyo lokumelana nombane lichazwe kumgangatho wokhuseleko.Imeko efanelekileyo kukucela umxhasi wakho ukuba akunike iimfuno ezifanelekileyo zovavanyo.Umbane wovavanyo lovavanyo oluqhelekileyo lokumelana nombane umi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ukuba i-voltage esebenzayo iphakathi kwe-42V kunye ne-1000V, umbane wokuvavanya uphinda kabini umbane osebenzayo kunye ne-1000V.Lo mbane wokuvavanya usetyenziselwa umzuzu we-1.Ngokomzekelo, kwimveliso esebenza kwi-230V, umbane wokuvavanya ngu-1460V.Ukuba ixesha lokusetyenziswa kwe-voltage lifutshane, i-voltage yokuvavanya kufuneka inyuswe.Umzekelo, iimeko zovavanyo lomgca wemveliso kwi-UL 935:
| imeko | Ixesha lesicelo (imizuzwana) | amandla ombane asetyenzisiweyo |
| A | 60 | 1000V + (2 x V) |
| B | 1 | 1200V + (2.4 x V) |
| V=ubona mandla ombane aphezulu | ||
A: Umthamo weHipot Tester ubhekisa kwimveliso yayo yamandla.Umthamo womvavanyi we-voltage wokumelana umiselwa ngowona mthamo uphezulu wemveliso yangoku x ubuninzi bombane obuphumayo.Umzekelo:5000Vx100mA=500VA
A: I-capacitance elahlekileyo yento evavanyiweyo sesona sizathu siphambili somahluko phakathi kwamaxabiso alinganisiweyo e-AC kunye ne-DC yokumelana novavanyo lombane.Ezi zakhono ezilahlekileyo azinakuhlawuliswa ngokupheleleyo xa kuvavanywa nge-AC, kwaye kuya kubakho i-current eqhubekayo ehamba ngala mandla alahlekileyo.Ngovavanyo lwe-DC, nje ukuba amandla alahlekileyo e-DUT ahlawuliswe ngokupheleleyo, okushiyekileyo kukuvuza kwangoku kwe-DUT.Ke ngoko, ixabiso langoku lokuvuza elilinganiswe luvavanyo lwe-AC lokumelana ne-voltage kunye ne-DC ukumelana novavanyo lombane luya kuba nokwahluka.
A: Ii-insulators azikho-conductive, kodwa eneneni phantse akukho mathiriyeli yokugquma ayisiyo-conductive ngokupheleleyo.Kuyo nayiphi na into yokugquma, xa i-voltage isetyenziswa ngapha kwayo, umsinga othile uya kuhlala uhamba.Inxalenye esebenzayo yale yangoku ibizwa ngokuba yi-leakage current, kwaye le nto ikwabizwa ngokuba kukuvuza kwe-insulator.Kuvavanyo lwezixhobo zombane, ukuvuza kwangoku kubhekiselele kumbane okhoyo owenziwe ngumbindi ojikelezileyo okanye indawo ekhuselayo phakathi kwamalungu esinyithi ane-insual insual, okanye phakathi kwamalungu aphilayo kunye neendawo ezisekelwe phantsi ngokungabikho kwamandla ombane asetyenzisiweyo.kukuvuza kwangoku.Ngokomgangatho we-US UL, ukuvuza kwangoku kungokunje okunokuthi kuqhutywe kwiindawo ezifikelelekayo zezixhobo zendlu, kubandakanywa imisinga edibeneyo.Ukuvuza kwangoku kubandakanya iinxalenye ezimbini, enye inxalenye yi-conduction yangoku i-I1 ngokusebenzisa ukuxhatshazwa kwe-insulation;elinye icandelo lokufuduswa kwangoku i-I2 ngokusebenzisa i-capacitance esasaziweyo, i-capacitive reactance yokugqibela yi-XC=1/2pfc kwaye ihambelana ngokungafaniyo ne-frequency yonikezelo lwamandla, kunye nokwanda kwe-capacitance yangoku ngokuphindaphindiweyo.ukwanda, ngoko ukuvuza kwangoku kwanda ngokuphindaphindiweyo konikezelo lwamandla.Umzekelo: usebenzisa i-thyristor yokubonelela ngombane, izixhobo zayo ze-harmonic zandisa ukuvuza kwangoku.
A: Uvavanyo lokumelana ne-voltage kukubona ukuvuza kwangoku kuqukuqela kwisixokelelwano se-insulation yento ephantsi kovavanyo, kwaye usebenzise i-voltage ephezulu kune-voltage esebenzayo kwinkqubo yokugquma;ngelixa ukuvuza kwamandla ngoku (uqhagamshelwano lwangoku) kukubona ukuvuza kwangoku kwento phantsi kovavanyo phantsi komsebenzi oqhelekileyo.Ukulinganisa ukuvuza kwangoku kwento elinganisiweyo phantsi kweyona meko ingathandekiyo (i-voltage, i-frequency).Ngamafutshane, ukuvuza kwangoku kovavanyo lokumelana nombane kukuvuza kwangoku kulinganiswa phantsi konikezelo lwamandla asebenzayo, kunye nokuvuza kwamandla akhoyo (unxibelelwano lwangoku) kukuvuza kwangoku kulinganiswe phantsi kokusebenza okuqhelekileyo.
A: Kwiimveliso ze-elektroniki zezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo, umlinganiselo we-touch current nawo uneemfuno ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ngokubanzi, i-touch current inokwahlulwa ibe yi-Ground Leakage yangoku, i-Ground Leakage yangoku, i-surface-to-ground contact yangoku i-Surface to Line Leakage Current and surface. -to-line Ukuvuza yangoku ezintathu touch Surface yangoku ukuya Surface Leakage iimvavanyo yangoku
A: Amalungu esinyithi afikelelekayo okanye iindawo ezivaliweyo zeemveliso ze-elektroniki zezixhobo ze-Class I kufuneka kwakhona zibe nesekethe efanelekileyo yokumisa njengomlinganiselo wokukhusela ngokuchasene nombane ngaphandle kokugquma okusisiseko.Nangona kunjalo, sihlala sidibana nabanye abasebenzisi abasebenzisa izixhobo zeKlasi I ngokungenasizathu njengezixhobo zeClass II, okanye bakhuphe ngokuthe ngqo i-terminal yomhlaba (GND) ekupheleni kokufakwa kwamandla kwezixhobo zeKlasi I, ngoko kukho imingcipheko ethile yokhuseleko.Nangona kunjalo, luxanduva lomenzi ukuba aphephe ingozi kumsebenzisi ebangelwa yile meko.Kungenxa yoko le nto uvavanyo lwangoku lwenziwa.
A: Ngexesha le-AC yokumelana novavanyo lwe-voltage, akukho mgangatho ngenxa yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezivavanyiweyo, ubukho be-capacitances elahlekileyo kwizinto ezivavanyiweyo, kunye neemvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zombane, ngoko akukho mgangatho.
A: Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokumisela i-voltage yovavanyo kukuseta ngokweenkcukacha ezifunekayo kuvavanyo.Ngokubanzi, siya kuseka amandla ombane wovavanyo ngokwe-2 amaxesha ombane osebenzayo kunye ne-1000V.Ngokomzekelo, ukuba i-voltage yokusebenza yemveliso yi-115VAC, sisebenzisa i-2 x 115 + 1000 = 1230 Volt njengombane wokuvavanya.Ewe kunjalo, i-voltage yovavanyo iya kuba nesetingi ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yamabanga ahlukeneyo omaleko be-insulating.
A: La magama mathathu anentsingiselo efanayo, kodwa ahlala esetyenziswa ngokutshintshanayo kushishino lovavanyo.
A: Uvavanyo lokumelana ne-insulation kunye novavanyo lokumelana nombane luyafana kakhulu.Faka amandla ombane e-DC ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1000V kwiindawo ezimbini eziza kuvavanywa.Uvavanyo lwe-IR ludla ngokunika ixabiso lokuchasana kwi-megohms, hayi ukuPass/Fail ukumelwa kuvavanyo lweHipot.Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-voltage yovavanyo yi-500V DC, kwaye ixabiso lokumelana nokufakelwa (IR) akufanele libe ngaphantsi kwee-megohms ezimbalwa.Uvavanyo lokumelana nokugquma luvavanyo olungonakalisi kwaye lunokubona ukuba i-insulation ilungile.Kwezinye iinkcukacha, uvavanyo lokumelana nokufakwa kwe-insulation lwenziwa kuqala kwaye emva koko uvavanyo lokumelana nombane.Xa uvavanyo lwe-insulation resistance lusilela, uvavanyo lokumelana nombane luhlala lusilela.
A: Uvavanyo loqhagamshelo lomhlaba, abanye abantu balubiza ngokuba luvavanyo lokuqhubekeka komhlaba (Ground Continuity), lulinganisa uthintelo phakathi kwe-DUT rack kunye ne-ground post.Uvavanyo lwebhondi yomhlaba lumisela ukuba ngaba ukhuseleko lwesekethe ye-DUT inakho ngokwaneleyo ukusingatha impazamo yangoku ukuba imveliso iyasilela.Umvavanyi webhondi yomhlaba uya kuvelisa ubuninzi be-30A DC yangoku okanye i-AC rms yangoku (i-CSA ifuna umlinganiselo we-40A) ngesekethe ephantsi komhlaba ukuze imisele i-impedance ye-ground circuit, ehlala ingaphantsi kwe-0.1 ohms.
A: Uvavanyo lwe-IR luvavanyo lomgangatho onika isalathiso somgangatho onxulumeneyo wenkqubo yokugquma.Ngokuqhelekileyo ivavanywa ngamandla ombane we-DC we-500V okanye i-1000V, kwaye umphumo ulinganiswa nokumelana ne-megohm.Uvavanyo lokumelana nombane lukwasebenzisa amandla ombane aphezulu kwisixhobo esiphantsi kovavanyo (DUT), kodwa umbane osetyenzisiweyo uphezulu kunolo lovavanyo lwe-IR.Ingenziwa kwi-AC okanye kwi-DC voltage.Iziphumo zilinganiswa ngeemiliamp okanye ii-microamps.Kwezinye iinkcukacha, uvavanyo lwe-IR lwenziwa kuqala, lulandelwa luvavanyo lokumelana nombane.Ukuba isixhobo esiphantsi kovavanyo (DUT) aluphumelelanga kuvavanyo lwe-IR, isixhobo esiphantsi kovavanyo (DUT) sikwasilela kuvavanyo lokumelana nombane kumbane ophezulu wombane.
A: Injongo yovavanyo lwe-impedance yomhlaba kukuqinisekisa ukuba ucingo olukhuselayo olukhuselayo lunokumelana nokuhamba kwempazamo yangoku ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzisi xa imeko engaqhelekanga yenzeke kwimveliso yesixhobo.Umbane wovavanyo lomgangatho wokhuseleko ufuna ukuba amandla ombane aphezulu avulelekileyo angagqithi kumda we-12V, osekelwe kwiingcamango zokhuseleko lomsebenzisi.Nje ukuba ukusilela kuvavanyo lwenzekile, umqhubi unokuncitshiswa abe kumngcipheko wokothuka kombane.Umgangatho jikelele ufuna ukuba ukuchasana komhlaba kufuneka kube ngaphantsi kwe-0.1ohm.Kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise uvavanyo lwangoku lwe-AC kunye ne-frequency ye-50Hz okanye i-60Hz ukuhlangabezana neyona ndawo yokusebenza yemveliso.
A: Kukho umahluko phakathi kovavanyo lokumelana nombane kunye novavanyo lokuvuza kwamandla, kodwa ngokubanzi, lo mahluko ungashwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.Uvavanyo lokumelana nombane kukusebenzisa amandla ombane aphezulu ukucinezela ukugquma kwemveliso ukumisela ukuba amandla okufakelwa kwemveliso anele na ukuthintela ukuvuza okugqithisileyo kwangoku.Uvavanyo lwangoku lokuvuza kukulinganisa ukuvuza kwangoku okuqukuqela kwimveliso phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo kunye nempazamo enye yobonelelo lwamandla xa imveliso isetyenziswa.
A: Umahluko kwixesha lokukhutshwa kuxhomekeke kwi-capacitance yento evavanyiweyo kunye nesekethe yokukhutshwa komvavanyi we-voltage.Iphezulu i-capacitance, ixesha elide lokukhupha elifunekayo.
A: Izixhobo zeKlasi I zithetha ukuba iindawo zomqhubi ezifikelelekayo ziqhagamshelwe kumqhubi okhuselayo osezantsi;xa i-insulation esisiseko ingaphumeleli, umqhubi okhuselayo womhlaba kufuneka akwazi ukujamelana nephutha langoku, oko kukuthi, xa i-insulation esisiseko ingaphumeleli, iindawo ezifikelelekayo azikwazi ukuba ngamalungu ombane aphilayo.Ukubeka ngokulula, izixhobo ezinephini lokumisa intambo yamandla zizixhobo zeClass I.Izixhobo zeClass II azithembeli kuphela kwi "Basic Insulation" ukukhusela kumbane, kodwa zibonelela nezinye izilumkiso zokhuseleko ezifana ne "Double Insulation" okanye "I-Insulation Reinforced".Akukho miqathango malunga nokuthembeka kwehlabathi elikhuselayo okanye iimeko zofakelo.
